Subject: Forensic Science
Code No.: 82
Unit – I
►Forensic Science: Definition, History & Development, Scope, Ethics in Forensic Science
►Physical Evidence: Nature, Types, Search methods, Collection, Preservation, Packing & Forwarding of Physical & Trace evidence for forensic analyses, Chain of Custody
►Crime Scene: Nature, Types, Preservation of Scene of Crime
►Criminal Investigations: Unnatural deaths, Criminal assaults, Sexual offences, Poisoning, Vehicular accidents
►Courts: Types, powers and jurisdiction, Admissibility of evidence in Courts, Definition of Experts, Provisions in Cr.P.C.,1973 & Indian Evidence Act relating to experts & their reports; Court Procedures pertaining to Expert Testimony & Witness
►Organization of Forensic Science Laboratories of Centre and State, NCRB and NICFS
►Fundamental Rights: Right of Equality (Articles 14 to 18) and Right of Freedom (Articles 19 to 22) as per Constitution of India
►Criminal Profiling: Profile of victim and culprit, its role in crime investigation, Lie detection (Polygraphy), Narco analysis, Brain mapping, scope and limitations
►Concept of quality control management in Forensic institutions
Unit – II
►Microscopy: Polarizing, Comparison, Stereoscopic, Fluorescent and Electron Microscopes
►Spectrophotometry: UV, Visible, IR, Raman, Atomic absorption, Emission
►Neutron Activation Analysis
►X – rays and x-ray based techniques such as XRD, XRF
►Mass Spectroscopy
►Chromatographic Techniques: TLC, GLC, HPLC, HPTLC
►Hyphenated Techniques: GC-MS, LC-MS, IR-MS and ICP-MS
►Electrophoresis: High and Low voltage electrophoresis, Immunoelectrophoresis
►Immunoassays: Principle, Types ,Techniques and applications
Unit – III
►Detection and Identification of Blood stains
►Determination of Species of Origin
►Blood Group Systems
►Techniques of Determination of Blood groups of Blood Stains
►Detection of Seminal and other body fluids and their Blood Grouping, Red cells Enzymes, Serum Proteins of forensic significance
►Disputed Paternity & Maternity
►DNA: Structure, DNA as genetic marker, DNA Extraction and Profiling Techniques
►DNA Phenotyping and RNA Profiling & their applications
►Wild life Forensics: Wild life (Protection) Act,1972, Scope, Evidences and Identification
Unit – IV
►Analysis of Ethyl alcohol in beverages , liquors, biological fluids and breath
►Analysis of Methanol and Denaturants
►Illicit liquors
►Analysis of Chemicals in Trap Cases
►Metabolism and Chemical examination of: Insecticides & Pesticides, Tranquillizers & Sedatives, Hypnotics Stimulants, Narcotics, Opiates, Drugs of abuse; Analyses of above and their Toxicity
►Plant Poisons
►Metallic Poisons
►Extraction, Isolation & Clean-up procedures, Identification of common poisons from viscera, tissues and body fluids
Unit – V
►Firearms: Types, Classification, Ammunition and their Compositions
►Forensic examination of Firearms, Ammunition, Firearms’ projectiles (Bullets, Shots, Slug etc.), Shell case
►Gunshot residues analysis
►Concept of Velocity, Penetration, Dispersion, Ricochet, Accidental Discharge, Determination of Range in firearm cases
►Examination of Country made firearms
►Basics of Internal, External and Terminal Ballistics
►Tool marks: Meaning, Types and Examination
►Restoration of Erased Markings on Metal Surfaces
Unit – VI
►Fire and Arson: Analyses of Petroleum Products and other incendiary materials
►Explosives: Definition, Types and Analyses
►Bombs: Country made bombs, Improvised Explosive Devices ( IEDs ) and their examination
►Investigation in Explosion and Arson related cases
►Photography: Types, application in criminal investigation & Forensic evidence examination
Unit – VII
►Hair & Fibers: Nature, Types, Structure and Examination
►Pollens and Diatoms: Their application in Forensic investigation
►Dust & Soil: Nature, Types, Forensic Examination
►Paint, Lacquer & Varnishes: Nature, composition and forensic examination
►Glass: Composition, Types, Fractures, Examination
►Cement, Mortar and Concrete: General Composition, Forensic Analysis
►Computer Forensics: Introduction, Types of Computer crimes, Digital evidence- Seizure, Acquisition and Forensic examination
►Mobile Phone Forensics
Unit – VIII
►Fingerprints: History, Characteristics, Types, Classification, Preservation, Development, Lifting and Comparison, Examination of Chance Prints, Computerization of Fingerprints, AFIS
►Track Marks: Foot Prints, Shoe Prints, Tire Marks, Their Preservation & Casting, Comparison, Skid marks. Gait pattern
►Biometric Systems of Identification and its relevance
►Voice Analysis: Introduction, Significance, Structure of Human Voice apparatus, Voice spectrography, Voice analysis, Legal aspects and limitations
Unit – IX
►Documents: Definition, Types, Preliminary examination of documents
►Reproduction of documents through photographic and mechanical means and their examination
►Examination of Alterations such as Erasures, Obliterations & Additions
►Indentations, Secret writings and Charred documents
►Inks, Papers and their scientific examinations with modern methods
►Age of documents
►Examination of Typescripts, Printed matter including currency notes and lottery tickets. Mechanical impressions
►Handwritings: Class and Individual characteristics of Handwritings, Factors affecting handwritings, Standard samples for comparison, Comparison of hand-written texts
►Anonymous and disguised writings
►Identification of hand writings, signatures, detection of forged signature and forgeries
►Examination of Credit Cards and Similar materials
Unit –X
►Modes & Manner of deaths, Sexual offences and its medicolegal importance, Amendments in law related to sexual offences
►Post – mortem examination and Post – mortem changes, Estimation of time since death
►Injuries & Wounds: Types, Medicolegal importance, Gunshot wounds
►Determination of Species of Origin, Sex , Age, Stature, and individual identification through skeletal remains
►Identification through Skull superimposition and facial reconstruction
►Human dentition, Type of teeth, determination of Age, Bite marks
►Forensic Entomology: Introduction, Insects of forensic importance, Insects on Carrion, Forensic applications
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